UN Security Council Open Debate: Protecting Civilians in Armed Conflict

The United Nations Security Council convened its annual Open Debate on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, reaffirming a core principle of international peace and security: safeguarding civilians from the devastating consequences of war. This year’s discussion marked the 25th anniversary of Resolution 1265 (1999), which first placed civilian protection at the heart of the Council’s agenda.

Briefings from senior UN officials and humanitarian leaders highlighted alarming trends. According to the Secretary-General’s report, over 36,000 civilians were killed across 14 conflicts in 2024, a 7.5% increase from the previous year. The widespread use of explosive weapons in populated areas, coupled with emerging threats such as cyber operations and disinformation, has compounded risks for civilians and humanitarian personnel alike.

Portugal urged for decisive action to protect innocent lives, namely in Gaza, Ukraine, Sudan & Haiti, enforce humanitarian corridors and accountability, restrict explosives in populated areas and prioritize conflict prevention.

Many speakers underscored the urgent need for strict compliance with international humanitarian law, improved accountability for violations, and enhanced protection for vulnerable groups, including women, children, and humanitarian workers. Calls were made to strengthen peace operations with adequate resources and capabilities to fulfil their protection mandates, and to ensure safe and unimpeded humanitarian access in conflict zones.

The debate also addressed the evolving nature of armed conflict and the imperative for collective action. Member States reiterated that the protection of civilians is not merely a legal obligation but a moral imperative central to the credibility of the international system. Upholding these commitments remains essential to mitigating human suffering and advancing sustainable peace.